直流電機的工作原理解析
發布時間:2016/6/23 10:14:48 瀏覽次數:2793直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)指能(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)(jiang)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)）或將(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)（直(zhi)(zhi)流發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）的(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。它是(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)實現直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)互相(xiang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。當它作電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)；作發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行時是(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)流發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。
直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機里邊(bian)固定有環(huan)狀永磁體，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)線圈(quan)產生安培力(li)，當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)線圈(quan)與磁場平行時，再繼(ji)續轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)受到的(de)(de)磁場方(fang)(fang)向將改變(bian)(bian)，因(yin)此(ci)此(ci)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子末端的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷跟轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換片交替接觸(chu)，從(cong)而線圈(quan)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流方(fang)(fang)向也改變(bian)(bian)，產生的(de)(de)洛倫茲力(li)方(fang)(fang)向不變(bian)(bian)，所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)機能(neng)保(bao)持一個方(fang)(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。
直流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的工作(zuo)原理就(jiu)是把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞線圈(quan)中感(gan)應的交(jiao)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢，靠換(huan)向器配合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷的換(huan)向作(zuo)用(yong)，使之從電(dian)(dian)(dian)刷端引出(chu)時(shi)變為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢的原理。
感(gan)應電(dian)動(dong)勢的方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)按(an)右(you)手(shou)定則(ze)確定（磁感(gan)線(xian)指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)手(shou)心，大拇指(zhi)指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)導體運動(dong)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)，其他(ta)四指(zhi)的指(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)就是(shi)導體中(zhong)感(gan)應電(dian)動(dong)勢的方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)）。
導體受力(li)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)用左手定則確定。這一對電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)形成了作用于電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)一個(ge)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)，這個(ge)力(li)矩(ju)(ju)在旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)機里稱為電(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)，轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)是逆時(shi)針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)，企圖使電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)逆時(shi)針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)動。如(ru)果此電(dian)(dian)磁轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)能夠克服電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)上(shang)的(de)阻轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)（例如(ru)由摩擦(ca)引起(qi)的(de)阻轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)以及其它負載(zai)轉(zhuan)矩(ju)(ju)），電(dian)(dian)樞(shu)就能按(an)逆時(shi)針方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)起(qi)來。
文章標題：直流電機的工作原理解析
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