直線電機也稱線(xian)性(xing)電(dian)機，線(xian)性(xing)馬達，直(zhi)線(xian)馬達，推桿馬達，在實(shi)際工業應(ying)用中的(de)穩定(ding)增長，證明直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)機可以(yi)放(fang)心的(de)使(shi)用。下面(mian)簡單(dan)介紹直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)機類(lei)型(xing)和他們與旋轉(zhuan)電(dian)機的(de)不同。最常用的(de)類(lei)型(xing)是平板式、U型(xing)槽式和管式。線(xian)圈的(de)典型(xing)組成是三相(xiang)，有霍爾(er)元件實(shi)現無(wu)刷換相(xiang)。

直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)經常(chang)簡單描(miao)述為(wei)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)被展平，而(er)工(gong)作原(yuan)理相同(tong)。動(dong)子(zi)(zi)（forcer,rotor) 是用環氧材料把(ba)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)壓縮在(zai)(zai)一起制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de).而(er)且(qie)，磁(ci)軌(gui)是把(ba)磁(ci)鐵(tie)（通常(chang)是高能量的(de)稀土磁(ci)鐵(tie)）固定(ding)在(zai)(zai)鋼上.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)動(dong)子(zi)(zi)包(bao)括線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)繞組，霍爾元(yuan)件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱調節(jie)器（溫(wen)度傳感器監控溫(wen)度）和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)接口。在(zai)(zai)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)中，動(dong)子(zi)(zi)和(he)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)需(xu)要(yao)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸承支(zhi)撐動(dong)子(zi)(zi)以保證相對運動(dong)部分的(de)氣隙（air gap）。同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)，直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需(xu)要(yao)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)導軌(gui)來保持動(dong)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)磁(ci)軌(gui)產生(sheng)的(de)磁(ci)場中的(de)位置(zhi)。和(he)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)編碼器安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)軸上反(fan)饋位置(zhi)一樣(yang)，直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)需(xu)要(yao)反(fan)饋直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)位置(zhi)的(de)反(fan)饋裝(zhuang)置(zhi)--直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)編碼器，它可以直(zhi)(zhi)接測(ce)量負載的(de)位置(zhi)從而(er)提高負載的(de)位置(zhi)精度。

直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)控(kong)制和旋轉電(dian)(dian)機一樣。象無(wu)刷(shua)旋轉電(dian)(dian)機，動(dong)(dong)(dong)子和定(ding)子無(wu)機械連接(jie)（無(wu)刷(shua)），不象旋轉電(dian)(dian)機的(de)方面(mian)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)子旋轉和定(ding)子位置保持固定(ding)，直(zhi)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)機系統(tong)(tong)可以是(shi)(shi)磁(ci)軌(gui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或推力線(xian)圈動(dong)(dong)(dong)（大(da)部分定(ding)位系統(tong)(tong)應用是(shi)(shi)磁(ci)軌(gui)固定(ding)，推力線(xian)圈動(dong)(dong)(dong)）。用推力線(xian)圈運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機，推力線(xian)圈的(de)重量(liang)和負(fu)載(zai)(zai)比很(hen)小。然而，需(xu)(xu)要(yao)高柔性線(xian)纜及其管理系統(tong)(tong)。用磁(ci)軌(gui)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)機，不僅(jin)要(yao)承受(shou)(shou)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，還要(yao)承受(shou)(shou)磁(ci)軌(gui)質量(liang)，但無(wu)需(xu)(xu)線(xian)纜管理系統(tong)(tong)。

直線電機(ji)主要應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于三(san)個方(fang)面：一是應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于自動控(kong)制系統，這類應(ying)(ying)用(yong)場合比較多(duo)；其(qi)次是作為(wei)長期連續運(yun)行的驅動電機(ji)；三(san)是應(ying)(ying)用(yong)在(zai)需要短時間(jian)、短距離內提供巨(ju)大的直線運(yun)動能的裝置(zhi)中。